Jung Chang called four names, Zhang Zhizhong, Shao Lizi, Hu Zongnan and Wei Lihuang, as communist spies.
As numerous people recalled in their memoirs, Zhang Zhizhong appeared to be the only person daring to call Chiang Kai-shek by "Mr. Chiang" in post-1949 Communist China.
However, Zhang Zhizhong, taking himself to be an erudite, repeatedly fell short of expectations. At the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, Zhang took a bike to the front to avoid the
Japanese plane bombing, and later found an excuse to go to the hind to report to Chiang Kai-shek while people were looking for him at the front, which led to a rebuke from Chiang Kai-shek over the phone.
Zhang then further had dereliction of duty while being empowered as chair of Hunan Province, under whose jurisdiction the scorched-earth policy was mal-executed in Changsha.
However, we could not blame Zhang Zhizhong 100% for his being blindsided by the communist propaganda. The agriculturalist Liang Su-ming, i.e, China's last Confucian, for another example, was
hoodwinked by the communists even though he himself walked across Japan-occupied territories to have witnessed the communist brigands' killing of his student-desciples who were waging
guerrilla war against the Japanese behind the enemy's line.
(Yang Xiufeng, an Europe/Moscow-returnee who later in 1947/8 ran the communist People's University to vivisect live government army captives
[including
one young Burma battle veteran who walked to the west from coastal Zhejiang as a teenager during the 1937 China's Dunkirk Retreat
and did not return home to see his mother for next 12 years],
was one such most notorious dupe who in 1935 returned to China to instigate anti-government activities in Tientsin, took advantage of the Ho-Umezu Agreement to rebuild the communist cells in North China,
and from 1937 onward was responsible for the communist administration in Japan-occupied territories of North China. Unfortunately for numerous R.O.C. officials and officers,
their cognizance of the monstrous nature of communists came too late, often at the time of massive executions in 1950s.)
Shao Lizi, who had the deepest connection with leftist and communist writers since the 1920s, was accused by Jung Chang of being a Soviet mole who wrote a letter to Stalin to
express his indignation over the 1927 KMT-CCP split. This webmaster did not see or read that letter. However, my take was that Shao Lizi was at best someone with sympathy for the communists
but was in no capacity to do harm to the Republic of China as the communist military spies did, nor did Shao Lizi ever harbor communist spies under his helm as heavy-weight
'warlord' leaders at the national, provincial and regional levels did. The extrapolation on the death of Shao Lizi's son in Europe was a stretch at best, and could be said to
be an undue credit to the R.O.C. abilities to mount overseas assassination operations,
where the Chinese Communists, in the shadow of British Communists, German Communists,
Belgian Communists and French Communists, took the stage in an overwhelming way.
The studs in Europe and the USA, who had French, British, German, Romanian, Polish and American wives, worked under the so-called "Chinese language bureaus" of CPUSA, German communists, British communists, French communists and etc.
After Hitler cooperated with the communists in routing the German social democrats and subsequently expelled the communists, the European communists
still had strong presence in the rest of Europe outside of Germany. In France, Gao Changhong, i.e., China's pioneer in the "Sturm und Drang" movement and Lu Xun's unknown enemy in love, easily connected with
the French Communist Party to become a member.
Even in Germany, Chinese Communists often proactively brawled with R.O.C. embassy/consulate organizers, as recalled by Tang Zong, Chiang Kai-shek's attache.
Hu Zongnan's case could be dispelled with an understanding of his positions among the Whampoa league. Hu Zongnan, at a time during the 1936 Xi'an Coup, was having an argument
with fellow Whampoa Guan Linzheng. The argument derived from Hu's attempt to rescue Chiang Kai-shek on his own accord, while Guan Linzheng emphasized the point that
Chiang Kai-shek was not merely Hu Zongnan's commandant but his as well. Hu Zongnan's devotion to Chiang Kai-shek was undisputable.
This webmaster already scanned the page from the book on Hu Zongnan to show that the friendship of Hu Zongnan with Hu Gongmian was personal while
Hu Gongmian himself had severed relations from the communists long ago. Chiang Kai-shek, at the turn of 1920s and 1930s, had a policy granting amnesty to
all Whampoa students who ever enrolled in the communist party. Huang Hongdi, a Moscow returnee and Frunze military academy graduate, was
such an example of a communist Whampoa seeking pardon with Chiang Kai-shek, for which he was assassionated by the communists. Hu Zongnan himself, whenever catching Red Army captives,
would inquire about the former Whampoa classmates who were in the Red Army camp, such as Cai Shenxi.
The Whampoa graduates were successful in winning over their communist classmates. One such Whampoa penetrated into Xu Jishen's Red Army to be an adviser
and instigated the defection of the Xu Jishen, for which he, together with Xu Jishen, was killed by the communists. Xu Jishen was attempting to take
the Red Army across the Yangtze when he was purged.
Wei Lihuang, a non-Whampoa, was a different story. Wei Lihuang, since 1937, was surrounded by communists
who posed as progressive students and infiltrated his army.
A non-Wmapoa, Wei Lihuang from day one installed his Anhui natives in his army. The communists infiltrated his camp by disguising as Anhui natives or referred by Anhui natives.
At the end of WWII, Wei Lihuang was deprived of his posts and sent to Europe for a tour, where he connected with the European operators of the Chinese Communists.
As the Manchuria regional commander, Wei Lihuang refused to withdraw troops to China proper
but ordered the government troops to defending "points" (cities).
According to Ledvosky, and Shi Zhe's memoirs, the Soviet railway army corps stepped into China in 1948.
That was the determinant factor in communist victory at the battle of Jinzhou, where 900+ artillery pieces were shipped over to blast the city to pieces.
Wei Lihuang synched up with Mao in ordering all R.O.C. troops to defend cities, leaving the communists in control of the wilderness.
Nobody other than Mao knew the scheme. Communist commander Lin Biao did not know it either.
That's why Lin Biao, who was scared of the bloodbath in twice attacking Sipingjie, loitered between Sipinjie and Jinzhou for half a year, till Soviet artillery pieces shipped over.
(In 1950, Lin Biao again showed his cowardice in declining the job to go to Korea.)
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![Though, Anna Wang [Anneliese Martens], in her memoirs, expressed jealousy over Gong Peng by stating that the Anglo-American reporters had flattered the Chinese communists and the communist movement as a result of being entranced with the goldfish-eye'ed personal assistant of Zhou Enlai](GongPeng.jpg)
![At the time [when China fell under the alien rule],](http://imperialchina.org/0442201b51e71777df540167-resized.jpg)
